Ua Kom Txias Txheem Los Ntawm Qhov Cuam Hlau Txias Los Ntawm Cov Kav Kav Hlau

Qhov txias txias brittleness (lossis low-temperature brittleness tendency) ntawm cov khaub thuas sib twv steel kav yog qhia los ntawm cov tawv-thim ntawm kev hloov pauv kub Tc. High purity hlau (0.01 % C) muaj Tc ntawm 100C, thiab nws yog kiag li embrittled hauv qab no kub. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw hauv cov khaub thuas sib twv cov kav hlau txias nce qhov tso cov tawv-hloov ua kom kub hloov ntawm cov hlau txias kos thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txias txias. Thaum lub plab zom zawg yog siab tshaj chav tsev kub, qhov tawg ntawm cov yeeb yam txias txias cov yeeb yaj kiab yog qhov dimple yam txhawm rau, thiab thaum nws tawg yooj yim ntawm qhov kub tsawg, nws yog qhov sib tsoo uas tawg. Cov laj thawj rau qhov txias txias embrittlement ntawm txias twv cov yeeb nkab yog: (1) Thaum qhov cuam tshuam tsim los ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm deformation yog thaiv los ntawm cov teeb meem (xws li cov thaj tsam lis, thib ob sib npaug), kev ntxhov siab hauv zos ntau dua qhov theoretical zog ntawm txias kos cov yeeb nkab steel, ua rau micro tawg. (2) Ob peb lub xaim hluav taws xob tau tsim ib lub microcrack ntawm kev thaj tsam lis. (3) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm ob {110) cov hlua khi ua rau tsis tuaj yeem txav % 26lt; 010 % 26gt ;, qhia cov npoo zoo li microcrack, uas tuaj yeem sib cais ntawm lub dav hlau {100}.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas ua rau txias txias brittleness ntawm txias kos steel kav yog: (1) cov khoom ua tau zoo ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntsiab lus. Phosphorus nce qhov nyhav thiab nkig kev hloov pauv qhov kub yog qhov ruaj khov; kuj tseem muaj cov molybdenum, titanium thiab vanadium; thaum cov ntsiab lus tsawg, nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis thaum cov ntsiab lus nce siab, cov ntsiab lus uas ua kom muaj qhov nyuaj thiab thim hloov pauv kub yog silicon, chromium thiab tooj; txo qhov toughness thiab brittleness Qhov hloov pauv kub yog nickel, thiab qhov toughness-brittle hloov pauv kub yog manganese. (2) Cov ntsiab lus los ua cov theem ob. Noj rau theem ob los ntxiv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txias txias ntawm txias kos hlau yeeb nkab yog cov pa roj carbon. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv txias twv cov yeeb nkab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm pearlite hauv txias kos steel yeeb nkab nce. Rau txhua txhua 1% nce hauv qhov ntim ntawm pearlite, qhov nruab nrab toughness-brittleness kev hloov pauv kub nce li 2.2 ° C. Daim duab 2 qhia qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus nyob hauv ferrite-pearlite steel ntawm kev nkig. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm microalloying cov ntsiab lus xws li titanium, niobium, thiab vanadium yuav tsim dispersed nitrides lossis carbonitrides, ua rau lub ductility-brittle hloov qhov kub ntawm qhov txias kos steel yeeb nkab kom sawv.

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